CDS Official Guide

CDS Syllabus 2026

CDS Counselling & Updates

Varsha  chilwal

Updated on 21 Sept 2026 15:48 IST

By Varsha chilwal, Editor

The CDS Syllabus 2026 covers the subjects candidates need to prepare for the Combined Defence Services Examination conducted by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC). The syllabus depends on the academy selected. Candidates applying for the Indian Military Academy (IMA), Indian Naval Academy (INA) and Air Force Academy (AFA) appear for English, General Knowledge and Elementary Mathematics. Candidates applying for the Officers' Training Academy (OTA) appear for English and General Knowledge.

The English section tests vocabulary, grammar, sentence usage and reading comprehension. General Knowledge covers areas such as current affairs, history, geography, Indian polity, economics, general science and other topics relevant to general awareness. Elementary Mathematics includes arithmetic, algebra, geometry, trigonometry and mensuration.

The CDS 2026 written examination uses objective-type questions. Candidates should understand the syllabus before starting preparation because it helps them divide their study time between subjects and identify important topics.

The CDS 2026 syllabus is based on the standard prescribed by UPSC. Candidates should also solve previous year question papers to understand how questions are asked from different topics.

A clear study plan, regular revision and mock tests can help candidates improve speed and accuracy. Candidates should always check the latest UPSC notification for any changes to the syllabus or examination pattern.

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Academy English General Knowledge Elementary Mathematics
IMA Yes Yes Yes
INA Yes Yes Yes
AFA Yes Yes Yes
OTA Yes Yes No

CDS 2026 Exam Pattern 2026

IMA, INA and AFA

Subject Duration Maximum Marks
English 2 Hours 100
General Knowledge 2 Hours 100
Elementary Mathematics 2 Hours 100
Total 6 Hours 300

OTA

Subject Duration Maximum Marks
English 2 Hours 100
General Knowledge 2 Hours 100
Total 4 Hours 200

The CDS 2026 written examination consists of objective-type questions, and negative marking applies according to UPSC examination rules.

CDS 2026 English Syllabus

The English paper tests a candidate's understanding of English and ability to use words correctly.

Topic What to Prepare
Grammar Basic grammar rules and correct usage
Vocabulary Word meanings and usage
Synonyms Similar-meaning words
Antonyms Opposite-meaning words
Sentence Completion Selecting suitable words
Spotting Errors Identifying grammatical mistakes
Sentence Arrangement Organising sentences logically
Reading Comprehension Understanding passages
Idioms and Phrases Meaning and usage
Fill in the Blanks Context-based vocabulary and grammar

CDS 2026 General Knowledge Syllabus

The General Knowledge paper covers a wide range of subjects. Candidates should combine static topics with current affairs preparation.

Subject Important Areas
Current Affairs National and international events
History Indian history and major events
Geography India and world geography
Polity Constitution, government and political system
Economy Basic economic concepts and developments
Physics Basic concepts and everyday applications
Chemistry Basic concepts and common applications
Biology Human body, plants, animals and health-related basics
Defence Defence organisations and developments
Environment Basic environmental topics
General Science Everyday science and scientific developments

CDS 2026 Elementary Mathematics Syllabus

Elementary Mathematics applies to candidates appearing for IMA, INA and AFA.

Topic Major Areas
Arithmetic Number system, percentages, profit and loss, ratio and proportion
Algebra Basic algebraic operations, equations and identities
Geometry Lines, angles, triangles, circles and properties
Mensuration Areas and volumes
Trigonometry Ratios, identities and practical applications
Statistics Basic data interpretation and statistics

CDS 2026 Mathematics: Important Topics

Arithmetic

Arithmetic is an important part of the Mathematics paper. Prepare topics such as:

  • Number system
  • HCF and LCM
  • Percentages
  • Ratio and proportion
  • Average
  • Profit and loss
  • Simple and compound interest
  • Time and work
  • Time, speed and distance

Algebra

Focus on:

  • Basic algebraic operations
  • Simple equations
  • Quadratic equations
  • Polynomials
  • Identities
  • Set-related basic concepts

Geometry

Important areas include:

  • Lines and angles
  • Triangles
  • Quadrilaterals
  • Circles
  • Congruence
  • Similarity
  • Properties of geometric figures

Mensuration

Prepare formulas and problems related to:

  • Area
  • Perimeter
  • Surface area
  • Volume
  • Two-dimensional figures
  • Three-dimensional figures

Trigonometry

Important topics include:

  • Trigonometric ratios
  • Trigonometric identities
  • Heights and distances
  • Values of standard angles

CDS Syllabus 2026: Subject-Wise Preparation

Subject Best Preparation Approach
English Read regularly and practise grammar and vocabulary
General Knowledge Combine static GK with current affairs
Mathematics Build concepts and solve questions regularly
All Subjects Use previous year papers and mock tests

CDS 2026 Syllabus and Previous Year Papers

Previous year papers help you understand the actual question pattern. They also show which topics appear regularly and where you need more practice.

Practice Method Benefit
Previous Year Papers Understand question trends
Mock Tests Improve speed
Topic Tests Find weak areas
Revision Improve retention
Error Analysis Reduce repeated mistakes
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QA

Commonly asked questions

Q: What are the subjects in the CDS syllabus?

The CDS syllabus includes English, General Knowledge and Elementary Mathematics for IMA, INA and AFA. OTA candidates appear for English and General Knowledge.

Q: Is Mathematics compulsory for OTA?

No. The OTA written examination does not include Elementary Mathematics.

Q: What topics are covered in CDS English?

English includes grammar, vocabulary, comprehension, synonyms, antonyms, sentence usage, spotting errors and other language-based questions.

Q: What is included in CDS General Knowledge?

General Knowledge covers current affairs, history, geography, polity, economics, science, environment, defence-related awareness and other general topics.

Q: What is the level of CDS Mathematics?

The Elementary Mathematics paper is based on the standard prescribed by UPSC and covers topics such as arithmetic, algebra, geometry, trigonometry and mensuration.

Varsha  chilwal

Varsha chilwal

Editor

I am a Digital Marketing student and education content writer at CollegeForum. I create well-researched blog posts and exam-related content covering entrance exams, admissions, eligibility, syllabus, results, cut-offs, and college information. My goal is to present complex education information in simple, clear, and useful language for students.